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Kleine-Levin Syndrom (KLS)

Sist revidert:
Sist revidert av:
  1. Afolabi-Brown O, Mason TBA 2nd. Kleine-Levin Syndrome. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2018;25:9‐13. doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2016.12.004 DOI  
  2. Gadoth N, Oksenberg A. Kleine-Levin syndrome; An update and mini-review. Brain Dev. 2017;39(8):665‐671. doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2017.04.003 DOI  
  3. Aran A, Mignot E, Arnulf I. Kleine-Levin syndrome (recurrent hypersomnia) [Webpage]. UpToDate; 2020 [updated 12.02.2020; cited 2018 18.03.2020]. www.uptodate.com  
  4. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders 3rd ed. Darien , IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2014.
  5. Arnulf I, Groos E, Dodet P. Kleine-Levin syndrome: A neuropsychiatric disorder. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2018;174(4):216‐227. doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2018.03.005 DOI  
  6. Arnulf I. Kleine-Levin Syndrome. Sleep Med Clin. 2015;10(2):151‐161. doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2015.02.001 DOI  
  7. Arnulf I, Zeitzer JM, File J, Farber N, Mignot E. Kleine-Levin syndrome: a systematic review of 186 cases in the literature. Brain. 2005;128(Pt 12):2763‐2776. doi:10.1093/brain/awh620 DOI  
  8. Arnulf I, Lin L, Gadoth N, et al. Kleine-Levin syndrome: a systematic study of 108 patients. Ann Neurol. 2008;63(4):482‐493. doi:10.1002/ana.21333 DOI  
  9. Lavault S, Golmard JL, Groos E, et al. Kleine-Levin syndrome in 120 patients: differential diagnosis and long episodes. Ann Neurol. 2015;77(3):529‐540. doi:10.1002/ana.24350 DOI  
  10. Billiard M, Jaussent I, Dauvilliers Y, Besset A. Recurrent hypersomnia: a review of 339 cases. Sleep Med Rev. 2011;15(4):247‐257. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2010.08.001 DOI  
  11. Arnulf I, Rico TJ, Mignot E. Diagnosis, disease course, and management of patients with Kleine-Levin syndrome. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11(10):918‐928. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70187-4 DOI  
  12. Billiard M. Recurrent hypersomnias. Handb Clin Neurol. 2011;99:815-23. PubMed  
  13. Habra O, Heinzer R, Haba-Rubio J, Rossetti AO. Prevalence and Mimics of Kleine-Levin Syndrome: A Survey in French-Speaking Switzerland. J Clin Sleep Med. 2016;12(8):1083‐1087. Published 2016 Aug 15. doi:10.5664/jcsm.6040 DOI  
  14. Billiard M. Epidemiology of hypersomnias of central origin. French, English. Med Sommeil. 2013;10(3):100-11 PubMed  
  15. Miglis MG, Guilleminault C. Kleine-Levin syndrome: a review. Nat Sci Sleep. 2014;6:19‐26. Published 2014 Jan 20. doi:10.2147/NSS.S44750 DOI  
  16. Groos E, Chaumereuil C, Flamand M, et al. Emerging psychiatric disorders in Kleine-Levin syndrome. J Sleep Res. 2018;27(5):e12690. doi:10.1111/jsr.12690 DOI  
  17. Huang YS, Guilleminault C, Lin KL, Hwang FM, Liu FY, Kung YP. Relationship between Kleine-Levin syndrome and upper respiratory infection in Taiwan. Sleep. 2012;35(1):123‐129. Published 2012 Jan 1. doi:10.5665/sleep.1600 DOI  
  18. Huang YS, Guilleminault C, Kao PF, Liu FY. SPECT findings in the Kleine-Levin syndrome. Sleep. 2005;28(8):955‐960. doi:10.1093/sleep/28.8.955 DOI  
  19. Kas A, Lavault S, Habert MO, Arnulf I. Feeling unreal: a functional imaging study in patients with Kleine-Levin syndrome. Brain. 2014;137(Pt 7):2077‐2087. doi:10.1093/brain/awu112 DOI  
  20. Vigren P, Engström M, Landtblom AM. SPECT in the Kleine-Levin Syndrome, a Possible Diagnostic and Prognostic Aid?. Front Neurol. 2014;5:178. Published 2014 Sep 23. doi:10.3389/fneur.2014.00178 DOI  
  21. Dauvilliers Y, Bayard S, Lopez R, Comte F, Zanca M, Peigneux P. Widespread hypermetabolism in symptomatic and asymptomatic episodes in Kleine-Levin syndrome. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e93813. Published 2014 Apr 3. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093813 DOI  
  22. Engström M, Latini F, Landtblom AM. Neuroimaging in the Kleine-Levin Syndrome. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2018;18(9):58. Published 2018 Jul 21. doi:10.1007/s11910-018-0866-y DOI  
  23. Engström M, Landtblom AM, Karlsson T. New hypothesis on pontine-frontal eye field connectivity in Kleine-Levin syndrome. J Sleep Res. 2016;25(6):716‐719. doi:10.1111/jsr.12428 DOI  
  24. Wang JY, Han F, Dong SX, et al. Cerebrospinal Fluid Orexin A Levels and Autonomic Function in Kleine-Levin Syndrome. Sleep. 2016;39(4):855‐860. Published 2016 Apr 1. doi:10.5665/sleep.5642 DOI  
  25. Hegarty A, Merriam AE. Autonomic events in Kleine-Levin syndrome. Am J Psychiatry. 1990;147(7):951‐952. doi:10.1176/ajp.147.7.951 DOI  
  26. Engström M. Neuroimaging of kleine-levin syndrome. Neuroimaging of Sleep and Sleep Disorders: Cambridge University Press; 2010. p. 240-5.
  27. Reynolds CF, Kupfer DJ, Christiansen CL, et al. Multiple Sleep Latency Test findings in Kleine-Levin syndrome. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1984;172(1):41‐44. doi:10.1097/00005053-198401000-00009 DOI  
  28. Gadoth N, Kesler A, Vainstein G, Peled R, Lavie P. Clinical and polysomnographic characteristics of 34 patients with Kleine-Levin syndrome. J Sleep Res. 2001;10(4):337‐341. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2001.00272.x DOI  
  29. Landtblom AM, Dige N, Schwerdt K, Säfström P, Granérus G. Short-term memory dysfunction in Kleine-Levin syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand. 2003;108(5):363‐367. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0404.2003.00171.x DOI  
  30. Uguccioni G, Lavault S, Chaumereuil C, Golmard JL, Gagnon JF, Arnulf I. Long-Term Cognitive Impairment in Kleine-Levin Syndrome. Sleep. 2016;39(2):429‐438. Published 2016 Feb 1. doi:10.5665/sleep.5458 DOI  
  31. Scammell T. UpToDate [Webpage]. 2019 [updated June 17, 2019July 7, 2019]. Available from: www.uptodate.com  
  32. Huang YS, editor. KLS Foundation Conference; 2018; San Fransisco.
  33. Nesbitt AD, Leschziner GD. Migraine with brainstem aura presenting as recurrent hypersomnia (Kleine-Levin syndrome). Pract Neurol. 2016;16(5):402‐405. doi:10.1136/practneurol-2016-001418 DOI  
  34. Leu-Semenescu S, Le Corvec T, Groos E, Lavault S, Golmard JL, Arnulf I. Lithium therapy in Kleine-Levin syndrome: An open-label, controlled study in 130 patients. Neurology. 2015;85(19):1655‐1662. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002104 DOI  
  35. Engstrom M, Karlsson T, Landtblom A. Abnormal thalamic activation and complex working memory in kleine-levin syndrome. Sleep. 2013;1):A253.
  • Ragnhild Berling Grande, spesialist i nevrologi, PhD
  • Berit Hjelde Hansen, spesialist i barnepsykiatri, ekspert i søvnmedisin/somnolog, PhD
  • Åse Mygland, spesialist i nevrologi, professor dr med
  • Unn Ljøstad, spesialist i nevrologi, professor PhD