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Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

Sist oppdatert: Sist revidert:
Sist revidert av:
  1. Ferrante MA, Ferrante ND. The thoracic outlet syndromes: Part 2. The arterial, venous, neurovascular, and disputed thoracic outlet syndromes.. Muscle Nerve 2016. pmid:28006856 PubMed  
  2. Ferrante MA, Ferrante ND. The thoracic outlet syndromes: Part 1. Overview of the thoracic outlet syndromes and review of true neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome.. Muscle Nerve. 2017. pmid:28006844 PubMed  
  3. Panther EJ, Reintgen CD, Cueto RJ, Hao KA, Chim H, King JJ. Thoracic outlet syndrome: a review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2022 Nov;31(11):e545-e561. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.06.026. Epub 2022 Aug 10. PMID: 35963513 PubMed  
  4. Sanders RJ, Hammond SL, Rao NM. Thoracic outlet syndrome: a review. Neurologist 2008; 14(6): 365-73. pmid:19008742 PubMed  
  5. Dengler NF, Pedro MT, Kretschmer T, Heinen C, Rosahl SK, Antoniadis G. Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome–Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2022 Oct 28;(Forthcoming):arztebl.m2022.0296. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0296. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35978467. PubMed  
  6. Jones MR, Prabhakar A, Viswanath O, Urits I, Green JB, Kendrick JB, Brunk AJ, Eng MR, Orhurhu V, Cornett EM, Kaye AD. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Pain Ther. 2019 Jun;8(1):5-18. PMID: 31037504 PubMed  
  7. Rubin DI. Brachial and lumbosacral plexopathies: A review. Clin Neurophysiol Pract. 2020 Aug 13;5:173-193. PMID: 32954064 PubMed  
  8. Mul K, Pesser N, Vervaart K, Teijink J, van Nuenen B, van Alfen N. Variability in electrodiagnostic findings associated with neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. Muscle Nerve. 2021 Aug 11. PMID: 34378193. PubMed  
  9. Magill ST, Brus-Ramer M, Weinstein PR, Chin CT, Jacques L. Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome: current diagnostic criteria and advances in MRI diagnostics. Neurosurg Focus. 2015 Sep;39(3):E7 . pmid:26323825 PubMed  
  10. Shutze W, Richardson B, Shutze R, Tran K, Dao A, Ogola GO, Young A, Pearl G. Midterm and long-term follow-up in competitive athletes undergoing thoracic outlet decompression for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 2017 Sep 21. . pmid:28943009 PubMed  
  • Åse Mygland, spesialist i nevrologi, professor, dr med
  • Unn Ljøstad, spesialist i nevrologi, professor, PhD
  • Leger ved nevrologisk avdeling, Sykehuset Telemark