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Lambert-Eaton Myastenisk Syndrom (LEMS)

Sist oppdatert: Sist revidert:
Sist revidert av:
  1. Titulaer MJ, Lang B, Verschuuren JJ. Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: from clinical characteristics to therapeutic strategies. Lancet Neurol 2011; 10(12): 1098-107. pmid:22094130 PubMed  
  2. Schoser B, Eymard B, Datt J, Mantegazza R.. Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS): a rare autoimmune presynaptic disorder often associated with cancer.. J Neurol. 2017. pmid: 28608304 PubMed  
  3. Conwell WD, Josephson SA, Li H, Saint S, Janssen WJ. Clinical problem-solving. Weak in the knees. N Engl J Med 2013 ; 369: 459-64. pmid:23902486 PubMed  
  4. Bajwa SK, Nilsen KB, Erichsen EAS, Berg-Hansen P, Harbo HF. En mann i 50-årene med svimmelhet, dobbeltsyn og gangvansker. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2018 Feb 5;138(3). PMID: 29411576 PubMed  
  5. Merino-Ramírez MÁ, Bolton CF. Review of the Diagnostic Challenges of Lambert-Eaton Syndrome Revealed Through Three Case Reports. Can J Neurol Sci . 2016 Sep;43(5):635-47 . pmid:27412406 PubMed  
  6. Oh SJ. Myasthenia gravis Lambert-Eaton overlap syndrome. Muscle Nerve. 2016 Jan;53(1):20-6 . pmid:26418033 PubMed  
  7. Maddison P1, Gozzard P2, Grainge MJ2, Lang B2. Long-term survival in paraneoplastic Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Neurology. 2017. pmid:28251917 PubMed  
  8. Lipka AF, Boldingh MI, van Zwet EW, Schreurs MWJ, Kuks JBM, Tallaksen CM, Titulaer MJ, Verschuuren JJGM. Long-term follow-up, quality of life, and survival of patients with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Neurology. 2020 Feb 4;94(5):e511-e520. PMID: 31831596 PubMed  
  9. Camelo-Filho AE, Estephan EP, Heise CO, Zanoteli E. Teaching Video NeuroImage: Reflex Facilitation in Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome. Neurology. 2021 Sep 14;97(11):e1168-e1169. PMID: 34039725. PubMed  
  10. Rattananan W, Alsharabati M, Oh SJ. Ocular LEMS or MLOS. Muscle Nerve. 2016 Nov;54(5):981-982 . pmid:27177846 PubMed  
  11. Calcium channel autoimmunity: Cerebellar ataxia and lambert-eaton syndrome coexisting. Muscle Nerve. 2017. pmid: 29272039 PubMed  
  12. Lipka AF, Titulaer MJ, Tannemaat MR, Verschuuren JJGM. Lowering the cutoff value for increment increases the sensitivity for the diagnosis of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Muscle Nerve. 2020 Jul;62(1):111-114. PMID: 32291768 PubMed  
  13. Di Lorenzo R, Mente K, Li J, Shayya L, Rae-Grant A, Li Y, Jammoul A. Low specificity of voltage-gated calcium channel antibodies in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: a call for caution. J Neurol. 2018 Jul 9. PMID: 29987589 PubMed  
  14. aer MJ, Lang B, Verschuuren JJ. Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: from clinical characteristics to therapeutic strategies. Lancet Neurol 2011; 10(12): 1098-107. pmid:21245427 PubMed  
  15. Storstein A, Vedeler CA. Paraneoplastiske nevrologiske syndromer. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2009; 129: 524-8. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening  
  16. Sabater L, Titulaer M, Saiz A, Verschuuren J, Güre AO, Graus F. SOX1 antibodies are markers of paraneoplastic Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Neurology 2008; 70: 924-8. Neurology  
  17. Maddison P, Gozzard P, Sadalage G, Ambrose PA, Chapman CJ, Murray A, Thomsen S, Berretta A, Lang B. Neuronal antibody detection and improved lung cancer prediction in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. J Neuroimmunol. 2020 Mar 15;340:577149. PMID: 31951874. PubMed  
  18. Titulaer MJ, Soffietti R, Dalmau J, Gilhus NE, Giometto B, Graus F, Grisold W, Honnorat J, Sillevis Smitt PA, Tanasescu R, Vedeler CA, Voltz R, Verschuuren JJ. Screening for tumours in paraneoplastic syndromes: report of an EFNS Task Force. Eur J Neurol. 2011; 18(1): 19-e3. PMID:20880069 PubMed  
  19. Oh SJ. The myasthenia gravis lambert-eaton overlap syndrome.. Muscle Nerve. 2015. pmid:26418033 PubMed  
  20. Punga AR, Maddison P, Heckmann JM, Guptill JT, Evoli A. Epidemiology, diagnostics, and biomarkers of autoimmune neuromuscular junction disorders. Lancet Neurol. 2022 Feb;21(2):176-188. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00297-0. PMID: 35065040. PubMed  
  21. Oh SJ1, Shcherbakova N2, Kostera-Pruszczyk A3, Alsharabati M1, Dimachkie M4, Blanco JM5, Brannagan T6, Lavrnić D7, Shieh P8, Vial C9, Meisel A10, Komoly S11, Schoser B12, Sivakumar K13, So Y14; LEMS Study Group. Amifampridine phosphate (Firdapse®) is Effective and Safe in A Phase 3 Clinical Trial in LEMS. Muscle Nerve. 2016. pmid:26852139 PubMed  
  22. Sanders DB, Juel VC, Harati Y, Smith AG, Peltier AC, Marburger T, Lou JS, Pascuzzi RM, Richman DP, Xie T, Demmel V, Jacobus LR, Aleš KL, Jacobus DP; Dapper Study Team. 3,4-diaminopyridine base effectively treats the weakness of Lambert-Eaton myasthenia. Muscle Nerve. 2018 Apr;57(4):561-568. PMID: 29280483 PubMed  
  23. Zhang N, Hong D, Ouyang T, Meng W, Huang J, Li M, Hong T. 3,4-diaminopyridine treatment for Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Neurol. 2021 Sep 25;21(1):371.PMID: 34563155 PubMed  
  24. Meisel A, Sieb JP, Le Masson G, Postila V, Sacconi S. The European Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome Registry: Long-Term Outcomes Following Symptomatic Treatment. Neurol Ther. 2022 Sep;11(3):1071-1083. doi: 10.1007/s40120-022-00354-8. Epub 2022 May 5. PMID: 35511347 PubMed  
  25. Zhang N, Hong D, Ouyang T, Meng W, Huang J, Li M, Hong T. 3,4-diaminopyridine treatment for Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Neurol. 2021 Sep 25;21(1):371. doi: 10.1186/s12883-021-02405-3. PMID: 34563155 PubMed  
  • Unn Ljøstad, spesialist i nevrologi, professor PhD
  • Åse Mygland, spesialist i nevrologi, professor, dr med
  • Kvalitetsutvalget NFKNF