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Komplekst regionalt smertesyndrom (CRPS)

Sist oppdatert: Sist revidert:
Sist revidert av:
  1. Bruehl S. Complex regional pain syndrome. BMJ 2015. pmid:26224572 PubMed  
  2. Bussa M1. Complex regional pain syndrome type I: a comprehensive review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. Jul;59(6):685-97 2015; Jul;59(6): 685-97. pmid:25903457 PubMed  
  3. Kessler A, Yoo M, Calisoff R. Complex regional pain syndrome: An updated comprehensive review. NeuroRehabilitation. 2020 Sep 23. PMID: 32986618. PubMed  
  4. Taylor SS, Noor N, Urits I, Paladini A, Sadhu MS, Gibb C, Carlson T, Myrcik D, Varrassi G, Viswanath O. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. Pain Ther. 2021 Jun 24. Erratum in: Pain Ther. 2021 Jul 26;: PMID: 34165690. PubMed  
  5. Parkitny L, McAuley JH, Di Pietro F, Stanton TR, O'Connell NE, Marinus J, van Hilten JJ, Moseley GL. Inflammation in complex regional pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. Neurology 2013; 80: 106-17. pmid:23267031 PubMed  
  6. Kohr D, Singh P, Tschernatsch M, Kaps M, Pouokam E, Diener M, Kummer W, Birklein F, Vincent A, Goebel A, Wallukat G, Blaes F.. Autoimmunity against the β2 adrenergic receptor and muscarinic-2 receptor in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain. 2011; 152(12): 2690-700. pmid:21816540 PubMed  
  7. Marinus J, Moseley GL, Birklein F, Baron R, Maihöfner C, Kingery WS, van Hilten JJ. Clinical features and pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome. Lancet Neurol 2011; 10: 637-48. PMID: 21683929 PubMed  
  8. Bruehl S. An update on the pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome. Anesthesiology 2010; 113: 713-25. PMID: 20693883 PubMed  
  9. Feliu MH, Edwards CL. Psychological factors in the development of complex regional pain syndrome: history, myth, and evidence. Clin J Pain 2010; 26: 258-63.
  10. Popkirov S, Hoeritzauer I, Colvin L, Carson AJ, Stone J. Complex regional pain syndrome and functional neurological disorders: time for reconciliation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2018 Oct 24. pii: jnnp-2018-318298. PMID: 30355604 PubMed  
  11. Dey S, Guthmiller KB, Varacallo M. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. 2021 Aug 11. In: StatPearls Internet. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan–. PMID: 28613470. PubMed  
  12. Birklein F, O'Neill D, Schlereth T. Complex regional pain syndrome: An optimistic perspective. Neurology 2015; Jan 6;84(1): 89-96. pmid:25471395 PubMed  
  13. Harden RN, Bruehl S, Stanton-Hicks, Wilson PR. Proposed new diagnostic criteria for complex regional pain syndrome. Pain Med 2007; 8: 326-31. PMID: 17610454 PubMed  
  14. Wuppenhorst N, Maier C, Frettloh J, Pennekamp W, Nicolas V. Sensitivity and specificity of 3-phase bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome of the upper extremity. Clin J Pain 2010; 26: 182-9. PMID: 20173431 PubMed  
  15. Lo JC1, Cavazos J1, Burnett C1.. Management of complex regional pain syndrome.. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2017. pmid:28670058 PubMed  
  16. Smart KM, Wand BM, O'Connell NE. Physiotherapy for pain and disability in adults with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) types I and II. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Feb 24;2:CD010853 . pmid:26905470 PubMed  
  17. Smart KM, Ferraro MC, Wand BM, O'Connell NE. Physiotherapy for pain and disability in adults with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) types I and II. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 May 17;5(5):CD010853. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010853.pub3. PMID: 35579382 PubMed  
  18. Goebel A, Baranowski A, Maurer K, Ghiai A, McCabe C, Ambler G. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment of the complex regional pain syndrome: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2010; 152: 152-8. Annals of Internal Medicine  
  19. Xu J, Yang J, Lin P, Rosenquist E, Cheng J. Intravenous Therapies for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Anesth Analg. 2016 Mar;122(3):843-56 . pmid:26891396 PubMed  
  20. Goebel A, Bisla J, Carganillo R, Frank B, Gupta R, Kelly J, McCabe C, Murphy C, Padfield N, Phillips C, Sanders M, Serpell M, Shenker N, Shoukrey K, Wyatt L, Ambler G. Low-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment for Long-Standing Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Trial.. Ann Intern Med 2017. pmid:28973211 PubMed  
  21. Schwartzman RJ, Alexander GM, Grothusen JR, Paylor T, Reichenberger E, Perreault M. Outpatient intravenous ketamine for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: a double-blind placebo controlled study. Pain 2009; 147: 107-15. PMID: 19783371 PubMed  
  22. Mangnus TJP, Dirckx M, Bharwani KD, de Vos CC, Frankema SPG, Stronks DL, Huygen FJPM. Effect of intravenous low-dose S-ketamine on pain in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A retrospective cohort study. Pain Pract. 2021 Jul 7. PMID: 34233070. PubMed  
  23. Hoikkanen T, Nissen M, Ikäheimo TM, Jyrkkänen HK, Huttunen J, von Und Zu Fraunberg M. Long-Term Outcome of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Neurosurgery. 2021 Sep 15;89(4):597-609. PMID: 34245150 PubMed  
  24. Geertzen JHB, Scheper J, Schrier E, Dijkstra PU. Outcomes of amputation due to long-standing therapy-resistant complex regional pain syndrome type I. J Rehabil Med. 2020 Aug 24;52(8):jrm00087. PMID: 32735019. PubMed  
  25. Henderson J. Updated guidelines on complex regional pain syndrome in adults✰. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2018 Sep 6. pii: S1748-6815(18)30310-3. PMID: 30268742 PubMed  
  • Unn Ljøstad, spesialist i nevrologi, professor PhD
  • Åse Mygland, spesialist i nevrologi, professor dr med