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Stiff person syndrom (SPS)

Sist oppdatert: Sist revidert:
Sist revidert av:
  1. Clardy SL, et al. Childhood onset of stiff-man syndrome. JAMA Neurol. 2013; Dec;70(12): 1531-6. pmid:24100349 PubMed  
  2. Hadavi S, Noyce AJ, Leslie RD, Giovannoni G. Stiff person syndrome. Pract Neurol 2011; 5: 272-82. pmid:21921002 PubMed  
  3. McKeon A, Robinson MT, McEvoy KM, Matsumoto JY, Lennon VA, Ahlskog JE, Pittock SJ. Stiff-man syndrome and variants: clinical course, treatments, and outcomes. Arch Neurol 2012; 69(2): 230-8. pmid:22332190 PubMed  
  4. Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Jankovic J. Stiff-person syndrome: insights into a complex autoimmune disorder. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014. pmid:25511790 PubMed  
  5. Holmøy T, Horn MA, Vandvik B. En mann med stive bein og bisarr gange. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2007; 127: 1529-30. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening  
  6. Grech N, Caruana Galizia JP, Pace A. Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM). Pract Neurol. 2021 Jul 28:practneurol-2021-003087. PMID: 34321329. PubMed  
  7. Duddy ME, Baker MR. Stiff person syndrome. Front Neurol Neurosci 2009; 26: 147-65.
  8. Crescimanno G, Algeri M, Canino M, Romano M, Cosentino G, Marrone O. Severe breathlessness in Stiff person syndrome (SPS). Looking under the bonnet. J Neurol Sci 2020. pmid:32977229 PubMed  
  9. Lee YY, Chen IW, Chen ST, Wang CC. Association of stiff-person syndrome with autoimmune endocrine diseases.World J Clin Cases. 2019 Oct 6;7(19):2942-2952. PMID: 31624742 PubMed  
  10. Balint B, Meinck HM. Pragmatic Treatment of Stiff Person Spectrum Disorders. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2018 Jul 19;5(4):394-401. PMID: 30363317 PubMed  
  11. Martinez-Hernandez E, Ariño H, McKeon A, Iizuka T, Titulaer MJ, Simabukuro MM, Lancaster E, Petit-Pedrol M, Planagumà J, Blanco Y, Harvey RJ, Saiz A, Graus F, Dalmau J. Clinical and Immunologic Investigations in Patients With Stiff-Person Spectrum Disorder. JAMA Neurol. 2016 Apr 11. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.0133 . pmid:27065452 PubMed  
  12. Bernardo F, Rebordão L, Rêgo A, Machado S, Passos J, Costa C, Cruz S, Pinto AN, Santos M.. Stiff person spectrum disorders: An illustrative case series of their phenotypic and antibody diversity. J Neuroimmunol. 2020. pmid:32087460 PubMed  
  13. Li Y, Thakore N. An Appraisal of Electrodiagnostic Studies in Stiff Person Syndrome. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis. 2020 Dec;22(2):84-89. PMID: 33214393. PubMed  
  14. Murphy OC, Gailloud P, Newsome SD. Spinal Claudication Secondary to Anterior Disco-Osteo-Arterial Conflict and Mimicking Stiff Person Syndrome. JAMA Neurol. 2019 Jun 1;76(6):726-727. PMID: 31058924 PubMed  
  15. Cosentino G, Romano M, Algeri M, Brighina F, Alfonsi E, Tassorelli C, Crescimanno G. . Intranasal midazolam for treating acute respiratory crises in a woman with stiff person syndrome . Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020. pmid:32238523 PubMed  
  16. Vicente-Valor MI1, Garcia-Llopis P, Mejia Andujar L, Antonino de la Camara G, García del Busto N, Lopez Tinoco MJ, Quintana Vergara B, Peiro Vilaplana C, Dominguez Moran JA, Sánchez Alcaraz A. Cannabis derivatives therapy for a seronegative stiff-person syndrome: a case report. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2013; Feb;38(1): 71-3. pmid:22726074 PubMed  
  17. Vaiyapuri A, Kashyap P, Kashyap N, Muthusamy H, Unnikrishnan R, Alqahtani M. Is Stiff Person Syndrome Benefited by Physical Therapy Intervention? Summary of Case Reports. Biomed Res Int. 2019 Mar 24;2019:5613680. PMID: 31019968 PubMed  
  18. Yi J, Dalakas MC. Long-term Effectiveness of IVIg Maintenance Therapy in 36 Patients With GAD Antibody-Positive Stiff-Person Syndrome. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2022 Jul 7;9(5):e200011. doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000200011. PMID: 35798561 PubMed  
  19. Gnanapavan S, Vincent A, Giovannoni G. Surviving stiff-person syndrome: a case report. J Neurol 2011; 10: 1898-900. pmid:21442460 PubMed  
  20. Czempik PF, Gawryluk J, Wiórek A, Krzystanek E, Krzych ŁJ. Efficacy and safety of therapeutic plasma exchange in stiff person syndrome. Open Med (Wars). 2021 Mar 30;16(1):526-531. PMID: 33821220 PubMed  
  21. Dalakas MC, Rakocevic G, Dambrosia JM, Alexopoulos H, McElroy B.. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of rituximab in patients with stiff person syndrome. Ann Neurol. 2017 Aug;82(2):271-277 . pmid:28749549 PubMed  
  22. Nakane S, Fujita K, Shibuta Y, Matsui N, Harada M, Urushihara R, Nishida Y, Izumi Y, Kaji R. Successful treatment of stiff person syndrome with sequential use of tacrolimus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84: 1177-80. PMID: 23715915. PubMed  
  23. Burt RK, Balabanov R, Han X, Quigley K, Arnautovic I, Helenowski I, Rose J, Siddique T. Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Stiff-Person Spectrum Disorder: A Clinical Trial. Neurology. 2021 Feb 9;96(6):e817-e830. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011338. Epub 2020 Dec 14. PMID: 33318163.
  24. Sharrack B, Saccardi R, Alexander T, Badoglio M, Burman J, Farge D, Greco R, Jessop H, Kazmi M, Kirgizov K, Labopin M, Mancardi G, Martin R, Moore J, Muraro PA, Rovira M, Sormani MP, Snowden JA. European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Autoimmune Diseases Working Party (ADWP) and the Joint Accreditation Committee of the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) and EBMT (JACIE). Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and other cellular therapy in multiple sclerosis and immune-mediated neurological diseases: updated guidelines and recommendations from the EBMT Autoimmune Diseases Working Party (ADWP) and the Joint Accreditation Committee of EBMT and ISCT (JACIE). Bone Marrow Transplant. Bone Marrow Transplant 2020. pmid:31558790 PubMed  
  25. Sanders S, et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation for stiff person syndrome: two cases from the Ottawa blood and marrow transplant program. JAMA Neurol. 2014; Oct 1;71(10): 1296-9. pmid:25155372 PubMed  
  26. Yagan O, Özyilmaz K, Özmaden A, Sayin Ö, Hanci V. Braz J. Anesthesia in a patient with Stiff Person Syndrome. Anesthesiol. 2016 Sep-Oct;66(5):543-5 . pmid:27591471 PubMed  
  • Åse Mygland, spesialist i nevrologi, professor, dr med
  • Unn Ljøstad, spesialist i nevrologi, professor, PhD
  • Trygve Holmøy, spesialist i nevrologi, professor, PhD