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Funksjonelle nevrologiske symptomer

Sist oppdatert: Sist revidert:
Sist revidert av:
  1. Gelauff JM1, Dreissen YE, Tijssen MA, Stone J. Treatment of functional motor disorders. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2014; Apr;16(4): 286. pmid: 24566832 PubMed  
  2. Stone J. Functional neurological disorders: the neurological assessment as treatment. Pract Neurol. 2016 Feb;16(1):7-17 . pmid:26715762 PubMed  
  3. Carson A, Lehn A, Ludwig L, Stone J. Explaining functional disorders in the neurology clinic: a photo story. Pract Neurol. 2016 Feb;16(1):56-61 . pmid:26769761 PubMed  
  4. Espay AJ, Aybek S, Carson A, Edwards MJ, Goldstein LH, Hallett M, LaFaver K, LaFrance WC Jr, Lang AE, Nicholson T, Nielsen G, Reuber M, Voon V, Stone J, Morgante F. Current Concepts in Diagnosis and Treatment of Functional Neurological Disorders. JAMA Neurol. 2018 Sep 1;75(9):1132-1141.PMID: 29868890 PubMed  
  5. Hallett M, Aybek S, Dworetzky BA, McWhirter L, Staab JP, Stone J. Functional neurological disorder: new subtypes and shared mechanisms. Lancet Neurol. 2022 Jun;21(6):537-550. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00422-1. Epub 2022 Apr 14. Erratum in: Lancet Neurol. 2022 Jun;21(6):e6. PMID: 35430029 PubMed  
  6. Scheitler KM, Robin CR, Wijdicks EFM. Charcot in the ICU: functional tetraplegia after surgery. Pract Neurol. 2020 Dec;20(6):476-478. doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2020-002601. Epub 2020 Jun 12. PMID: 32532808. PubMed  
  7. Daum C, Hubschmid M, Aybek S. The value of 'positive' clinical signs for weakness, sensory and gait disorders in conversion disorder: a systematic and narrative review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014; 85: 180-90. pmid:23467417 PubMed  
  8. Geroin C, Nonnekes J, Erro R, Camozzi S, Bloem BR, Tinazzi M. Shoulder-Touch test to reveal incongruencies in persons with functional motor disorders. Eur J Neurol. 2022 Aug 29. doi: 10.1111/ene.15532. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36038356. PubMed  
  9. Daum C, Gheorghita F, Spatola M, Stojanova V, Medlin F, Vingerhoets F, Berney A, Gholam-Rezaee M, Maccaferri GE, Hubschmid M, Aybek S. Interobserver agreement and validity of bedside 'positive signs' for functional weakness, sensory and gait disorders in conversion disorder: a pilot study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014. pmid:24994927 PubMed  
  10. Fahn S, Williams DT. Psychogenic dystonia. Adv Neurol 1988; 50: 431-55. pmid:3400501 PubMed  
  11. Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Jankovic J. The clinical features of psychogenic movement disorders resembling tics. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014; 85: 573-5. pmid:24259592 PubMed  
  12. Demartini B1, Ricciardi L, Parees I, Ganos C, Bhatia KP, Edwards MJ.. A positive diagnosis of functional (psychogenic) tics. Eur J Neurol. 2015; Mar;22(3): 527-e36. pmid: 25487253 PubMed  
  13. van der Salm SM1, Erro R1, Cordivari C1, Edwards MJ1, Koelman JH1, van den Ende T1, Bhatia KP1, van Rootselaar AF1, Brown P1, Tijssen MA2.. Propriospinal myoclonus: clinical reappraisal and review of literature. Neurology. 2014. pmid:25305154 PubMed  
  14. Erro R, Edwards MJ, Bhatia KP, Esposito M, Farmer SF, Cordivari C. Psychogenic axial myoclonus: clinical features and long-term outcome. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 20: 596-9. pmid:24661468 PubMed  
  15. McWhirter L1, Miller N2, Campbell C3, Hoeritzauer I4, Lawton A5, Carson A6, Stone J.. Understanding foreign accent syndrome.. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2019; Nov;90(11):: 1265-1269. pmid:30826739 PubMed  
  16. Adams C, Anderson J, Madva EN, LaFrance WC Jr, Perez DL. You've made the diagnosis of functional neurological disorder: now what? Pract Neurol. 2018 Aug;18(4):323-330. PMID: 29764988 PubMed  
  17. Jordbru AA, Smedstad LM, Klungsøyr O, Martinsen EW. Psychogenic gait disorder: a randomized controlled trial of physical rehabilitation with one-year follow-up. J Rehabil Med 2014; 46: 181-7. pmid:24248149 PubMed  
  18. Stone J. Functional neurological disorders: The neurological assessment as treatment. Neurophysiol Clin 2014; 44: 363-73. pmid:25306077 PubMed  
  19. Nielsen G1, Stone J2, Matthews A3, Brown M3, Sparkes C4, Farmer R5, Masterton L6, Duncan L6, Winters A2, Daniell L2, Lumsden C6, Carson A7, David AS8, Edwards M9.. Physiotherapy for functional motor disorders: a consensus recommendation.. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014. pmid:25433033 PubMed  
  20. McCormack R, Moriarty J, Mellers JD, Shotbolt P, Pastena R, Landes N, Goldstein L, Fleminger S, David AS. Specialist inpatient treatment for severe motor conversion disorder: a retrospective comparative study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014; 85: 895-900. pmid:24124043 PubMed  
  • Unn Ljøstad, spesialist i nevrologi, professor Phd
  • Åse Mygland, spesialist i nevrologi, professor dr med